One Biota

“The black prairie was built by the prairie plants, a hundred distinctive species of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, by the prairie fungi, insects, and bacteria; by the prairie mammals and birds, all interlocked in one humming community of co-operations and competitions, one biota.  This biota through ten thousand years of living and dying, burning and growing, preying and fleeing, freezing and thawing, built that dark and bloody ground we call prairie.”

 Aldo Leopold , A Sand County Almanac

Yes, Leopold got it right.  There is only one biota.  He coined this phrase in reference to the formation of what we call prairie. But I think we can extrapolate the phrase to global significance. Think about it.  All life is connected.  All life is dependent on things like carbon, water, sunlight, nutrients, rocks, soil, temperature, oxygen , etc.  One life form performs functions in the ecosystem needed by other living organisms in the system.    Consider the simple connections like plants capturing the energy of sunlight in photosynthesis and then making that energy available to animals and humans for life support, while at the same time these same plants are releasing the oxygen needed by these same animals and humans. And the animals in turn release the carbon dioxide needed by the plants. That is a very intimate life connection – so do you see what I mean when I say there is only one biota?  What about the bacteria and fungi in the soil that decompose complicated molecular compounds and release nutrients to plants for life support or those very important bacteria that cooperate with leguminous plant roots to take the nutrient we call nitrogen right out of the air we all breathe?  Very few organisms on earth could survive very long at all if the sun did not appear each day to supply the energy we all need – all of us, one biota, depend on the sun- except for some microbes that can metabolize certain molecular compounds and do not need the sun, but they still need the air and the elements released into that air by plants and animals and yes, rocks. They need the elements in the rocks, as we all do, to sustain life. Yes, rocks are needed to sustain life as we know it. Again, it is all one biota.

So I beg you please leave the box you live in and get outside onto a prairie or into a woodland or into a mountain meadow or a wetland or onto the ocean and look around and feel the life there – observe the plants, see the insects and birds, imagine the bacteria and fungi, look for signs of animals, breathe in deeply the air, absorb the warmth of the sun on your skin – melt a little inside your heart – and then listen, be very, very quiet, stop thinking, set aside any thoughts about decisions needing to be made or work needing to get done,  and listen, listen, listen. As you listen continue to observe all the detail around you, see the life, feel the life pulsing in the organisms around you. Do not be afraid to touch it, even lay down in it and talk to it.

And then you will begin to experience the meaning of Leopold’s phrase…” one biota”.

And then hopefully you will more likely concern yourself with the practices of conservation and preservation. Do this not only to protect the natural beauty of the life around you, but to be a person of ultimate integrity, a person who values the preservation of your fellow beings in this thing I refer to as one biota over economic gain or personal ego. So often humans have been driven by these latter two selfish motivations and such pursuits have led not only to environmental degradations of unimaginable proportions, such as the extinction of not only species, but entire ecosystems. It has also led to destructive wars and genocides around the planet, and of course extreme poverty and its associated diseases and hunger.

And then too, maybe all people of all races and cultures can begin to see that even among humans there is only one biota.  We all on this planet are all engaged in this thing called life as one biota, we are all connected, our commonalities are by far stronger than our differences… and if we truly desire to be humans of dignity and integrity we will join with people of all the world to build lives of value and worth, freedom, quality, peace and joy.

I hope it will be helpful to this process to remind ourselves constantly that on this planet there is only ONE BIOTA.

In this context, it becomes painfully clear why we cannot simply let what happened to a people who called themselves the Kansa be forgotten.  They were, people, part of the one biota, living on the majestic tallgrass prairie of a land now named for them… Kansas.

In a short time, from 1825 to 1873 they were almost completely wiped off the planet by the pursuit of other people for land and economic gain. And with them went many of the animals and the plants of an ecosystem thousands of years in the making.  The prairie flora and fauna mostly disappeared, only to be found in remnants. The Kansa ended up living in a land that came to be called Oklahoma.  As members of the one biota let us live in a way such biotic catastrophes never happen again. 

Thoughts of Glenn Thomas Fell, Emporia, Kansas. 



Administrator's Note Below:

Glenn Fell, the author of the above essay and photographer of these photos is a Facebook friend of mine.  I have followed his photos and informational notes on the tallgrass prairie in the Flint Hills of Eastern Kansas with great interest.  I have always been fascinated by this biome since that I was a little kid, wandering the tallgrass prairies owned or rented by my father, just a little to the east of the Flint Hills in the Osage Cuestas of Eastern Kansas. 

Recently, Glenn posted his essay, 'One Biota' on his Facebook page.  Even though his example used is the tallgrass prairie of Eastern Kansas, there is a universal lesson to be learned from this example that can be applied to any place in the world, including Maryland.  Glenn's message is an important one that I felt needs to be shared so that people have a better understanding of how people's decisions have affected our natural world and hopefully will give us pause before we make decisions that will be destructive to our natural world, which is the world that we all live in.

Although Aldo Leopold's book 'A Sand County Almanac' was written and published many years ago, it has many important observations and lessons about our natural world in it.  It was assigned as required reading in one of my classes at Kansas State University many years ago.  I was not thrilled when I started reading it; however, I did get hooked as I got deeper into the book and started to understand the universal message that does not change with time.  I definitely recommend this book as one to add to your reading list.





Glenn Fell received his PhD from Penn State in Agronomy in 1984. Immediately following that he taught at an agricultural college in South Africa for 3 years.  He also taught at Mid America Nazarene University in Olathe, Kansas for 14 years. Glenn grew up in Massachusetts. He is the regional leader for the Kansas Native Plant Society for the region encompassing the Flint Hills.

Glenn also started a non-profit organization called Jubilee Farms.  The mission of Jubilee Farms is to train subsistence farmers globally in sustainable farming practices through people-centered environmentally healthy projects or partner with such programs, with the aim of ending the hunger of all children.  http://www.jubileefarms.org/about

If you are interested in viewing a collection of Glenn's poems, essays and photos, you can do this by viewing his personal blog at www.wapatangawilds.org.  I would like to thank Glenn for allowing us to share his essay on our Blogger website.

UMD's H. Edward Reiley Garden - Azaleas & Rhododedrons

Summers in Maryland have always been hot, but my 2016 summer experience took the heat to a new level. This year, I interned on campus at the UMD Arboretum and Botanical Gardens with the hard workers of Facilities Management. I have gained a deeper appreciation and respect for the work that they do to keep our campus beautiful. Some tasks that I helped with included planting, clearing, watering, installing fences and weeding. Pulling weeds was the most performed task, but as my supervisor told me, "it is a necessary evil". It may be difficult at times, but it is satisfying to see the results of your labor.

Personally, the biggest difference I made this summer was on the H. Edward Reiley Rhododendron and Azalea Garden. It was the first space I was introduced to, and it was covered in weeds. The paths were impassable and the shrubs were taken over with vines such as poison ivy (Toxidendron radicans), which popped up beneath the benches.

Tall and short weeds cover the back of the Reiley Garden

This woodland garden is densely shaded, so even on a hot and humid day the space could provide some relief. Pulling weeds became meditative. After spending most of my summer in the garden, I feel attached to it and the work I have done. It was important not to feel overwhelmed by the task. With the help of an additional intern, and by taking the garden one section at a time, we were able to clear it in about a month!

First pile of many weeds this summer

A freshly cleared path

Repeatedly seeing and interacting with certain plants allowed me to learn about them and how to identify them. For example, blackberries, wineberries, and poison ivy all have similar leaves to the untrained eye. Subtle differences such as thorns, hairs, leaf margins, and size make identification easier.

Blackberry - Rubus fruticosus

Wineberry - Rubus phoenicolasius

Poison ivy - Toxidendron radicans

After we cleared the weeds it was time to give the garden a fresh look. One morning we were faced with a four foot pile of Leyland cypress (Cupressus x leylandii) wood chips. Winds lifted the fragrance of the wood through the garden as we spent the next few weeks dumping and spreading wheelbarrows of chips.

4' pile of Leyland cypress wood chips

I truly enjoyed working in this garden. Returning it to an enjoyable and usable space makes me appreciate the privileges I have on this campus. I will certainly return to the garden during the school year. 

~

The H. Edward Reiley Rhododendron and Azalea Garden is located next to the Arboretum Outreach Center (156) on Stadium Drive. Directions

More gardens at UMD

Autumn Dorsey, Student Intern 2016

Plant Science and Landscape Architecture

University of Maryland